Understanding counselling theory. Essay example - 1389 Words

Macclesfield College ABC Level 3 Certificate in Counselling Skills Assignment 2 Understanding counselling theory. Unit 2- R/601/7575 Hana Lewis- 144383 ABC 17970-33 Contents Page 3 : Introduction. (157 words) Page 3 : Origins of Person- centred counselling (198 words) Page 4: Key concepts and principles of Person- centred counselling. (288 words) Page 5 : How does Person-centred counselling, influence the understanding of the development of concept of self? (245 words) Page 6 : How does person-centred approach inform counselling practice? (267 words) Page 8-10: Key features and comparison of different models, with the person-centred model. (400 words) Page 11 : Conclusion. (200 words) Page 12: References†¦show more content†¦Locus of evaluation, the external locus of evaluation, is a reliance on externals for guidance and affirmation, characterised by ‘shoulds’ and ‘oughts’ and difficulty making decisions. The internal locus of evaluation, is the ability to trust our own self and own valuing system, less influenced by others opinions. The main principles of person centred model are the core conditions of empathy, congruence and unconditional positive regard. They are vital for building a safe therapeutic relationship, in which the client can explore fully. How does person-centred counselling, influence the understanding of the development of concept of self? Carl Rogers believed that; ‘clients become empowered to find their own solutions and their own unique, personally meaningful path through life.’ One theory of his client centred psychotherapy was based on the idea that; ‘every person has within an acorn, able to grow into a certain kind of tree, a blueprint for a unique life’ Rogers worked with many others in developing the idea that clients could heal themselves, if only the therapist provided ‘facilitative’ or core conditions of, ‘empathy, congruence and unconditional positive regard.’ Rogers used the symbolism of concept of self, being like a plant given water, soil, sun, and fertilizer. In these optimum or ‘facilitative’ conditions the client concept of self can grow and unfold like the plant. The client wouldShow MoreRelatedUnderstanding Counselling Theories1374 Words   |  6 PagesUnderstanding Counselling Theories 1a The B.A.C.P (British Association of Counselling and Psychotherapy) define counselling as ‘the skilled use of the relationship (between counsellor and client) to help the client develop self-knowledge, self-esteem and the ability to take control of his or her own life’. 1b Counselling is based on a therapeutic relationship, whereby the counsellor using their skills and knowledge to help the client to explore and understand their difficulties. This is done inRead MoreCounselling And Psychotherapeutic Theory Of Understanding Human Development2153 Words   |  9 PagesCounselling and psychotherapeutic theory is a way of understanding human development and experiences in relation to the environment. Each theory is based on a set of principles and concepts that have been derived from observable behaviour. However, each theory has identified limitations and no single theory is appropriate for all clients or all presenting issues. Psychotherapeutic integration is combining different theories and/or techniques to create a more comprehensive and complete outcome forRead Morecounselling theory essay1690 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Unit 2: Introduction to Counselling Skills Theories Theory Essay Written Introduction In this essay I will describe key elements of Psychodynamic theory, Person-Centred theory and Cognitive-Behavioural theory. I will also identify the key differences between the above theories. I shall also describe how counselling theory underpins the use of counselling skills in practise. I will then end with my conclusion. 1.1 Key elements of psychodynamic theory Dr Sigmud Freud (1856-1939), isRead MorePsychodynamic Counselling Overview Essay923 Words   |  4 PagesPsychodynamic Counselling – Overview. Psychodynamic counselling has a long history and vast literature to condense so only a brief overview is possible here – following on from the themes already discussed and with particular focus on four psychologists: Freud, Jung, Adler and Klein. â€Å"The primary purpose of psychodynamic counselling is to help clients make sense of current situations; of memories associated with present experience, some of which spring readily to mind, others which may riseRead MoreReflective Reflection Essay999 Words   |  4 PagesDifferent theories and ways of practising exist for counsellors, with reflective practice becoming more popular amongst practitioners. Dallos, Stedmon (2009) state that for professionals working directly with people, such as counsellors, reflective practice has quickly developed into a fundamental component of training, and the best practice for creating successful outcomes. This essay will focus on how reflective practice is critical for professional life, and how the use of reflection and theory canRead MoreThe Profession Of Counselling Psychology1582 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The profession of counselling psychology has developed hugely during the past decade, this paper aims to provide a concise and general exploration of the nature of counselling psychology, it’s development history, where it stands among other traditional approaches, and how disciplines of psychology is linked with a range of models of psychotherapy. In 1982 counselling psychology started developing as a section within the British Psychological Society, and in 1994 it was then recognizedRead MoreDescribe How Current Counselling and Psychotherapy Practices Emerged from Psychiatry and Psychology.1226 Words   |  5 Pagescurrent counselling and psychotherapy practice emerged from psychiatry and psychology. Use critical evaluation of theoretical evidence to support discussion points. 2, Analyse the similarities and differences between psychotherapy and counselling practices using evidence, aims and objectives relevant to practice and therapeutic need. Counselling and psychotherapy are very different areas of speciality than psychiatry or psychology. Yet it is from these two health practices that counselling and psychotherapyRead MoreSocial Control And Social Influence1728 Words   |  7 Pagesand law enforcement agents such as: police, military, and other city, state, and federal agencies. This form of control is set in place to prevent chaos in society. Theories of social control have been used to define and explain how the behaviours and actions of a person could be controlled by social agents (Dixon, 2015). These theories have been used by certain interactionists, functionalists, Marxists and post-structuralist to understand the way in which social norms and order is defined and maintainedRead Moreâ€Å"Compare and Contrast the Different Ways the Person-Centred and Cognitive- Behavioural Approaches to Counselling Understand and Make Use of the Counselling Relationship†1559 Words   |  7 Pagescognitive- behavioural approaches to counselling understand and make use of the counselling relationship†    This essay is written to compare the counselling relationship in person-centred and cognitive-behavioural counselling by outlining both the theory and practice of the counselling relationship. This will be done by outlining the theory of the counselling relationships and the theory in practice. Both person-centred and cognitive-behavioural counselling are widely recognised, successful treatmentsRead MoreReflective Essay On Counselling1690 Words   |  7 PagesThis reflective essay will try and develop an understanding of the experiences and theory that has been applied to a counselling roleplay and applied content over the duration of the module. Furthermore, identifying what has been covered and what has not been covered in the roleplay, its strengths, weaknesses, what needs developing and how it can help as counsellors within the field. The first topic will reflect on the skills and attributes that have been applied to the roleplay and how it has been

Differences Between Object And Colour Essay - 1667 Words

Assignment 2 Discerned as the most common essences in the society, object and colour they are interrelated. Substantially,the correlations are inevitable. Therefore it is not easy to address the works from these aspects instead I would like to address the prominent elements of each work to elaborate more on it. It might be confusing yet this is one of the problem that I strive to tease out because both object and colour are not authorised a declaration. They do not have the perfect exemplification to explain thoroughly unlike science fomula Intrinsic complexity ‘defies linguistic description, and its intense engagement of feeling and sensitivity to context. whereby the architectural space becomes the arena for an experience that melds physical and immaterial/mental coordinates. What their work has in common is an immersion in the present and the displacement of cognition by experience. é   ­Nowadays we might be confronting with the situation that We put our own side of asthetic opinions on to objests so much that we do not think of what their intrinsic vales truly are, or the impact they actually bring us nor their relationships between the environment! For the Turner Prize exhibition The main piece of work of Karla Black is called Doesn t Care In Words(2011), a hanging sculpture made of cellophane, paint, sugar paper, chalk, plaster powder, powder paint, sellotape, cosmetics, paint, vaseline as well as moisturising cream. Bath bombs are scattered withShow MoreRelatedDifferent Methods For Transfer Energy From One Source1119 Words   |  5 PagesConduction, Convection and Radiation are three different methods to transfer energy from one source, such as an object, to another. The method of conduction takes place when atoms or molecules move at a higher speed after heat is absorbed at the surface. In doing this, the particles bump into each other, transferring their energy. This allows heat energy to be passed through the object until the heat source is removed. Convection is the flow of molecules or atoms through a fluid state such as liquidRead MoreThe Importance Of A Fashion Competition At Tauranga Cbd At Baycourt Theatre Essay135 8 Words   |  6 Pagesgarment are: colour, texture, line. This contributed to my final design. I chose to include more than one design element because I didn’t want to focus on just one design element. The other design elements which I have not used are: value, shape I chose not to use these design elements as they did not fit with my design or were out of my skill level. Design Elements: Colour â€Å"Colour is produced by light reflecting off a surface being perceived by the eye†. 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The Secret Circle The Divide Chapter 3 Free Essays

â€Å"Spring is in the air,† Melanie said to Cassie and Laurel, closing her gray eyes momentarily and taking a deep breath in. â€Å"You can almost smell it, can’t you?† Cassie slammed her locker shut and inhaled, but all she could smell was the same school hallway scent of sweat, paper, and ammonia. â€Å"It was a rough winter,† Laurel said. We will write a custom essay sample on The Secret Circle: The Divide Chapter 3 or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"I think that has something to do with it.† She had adorned herself appropriately this morning in a floral-print dress. â€Å"The spring equinox festival is going to be huge this year.† There was a bustling excitement to their surroundings – voices seemed louder, footsteps quicker, everyone appeared more lively and animated – everyone had spring fever. Then Cassie remembered that the new principal was being announced at this morning’s assembly. Maybe that was the source of all the new energy in the air? She was eager to meet the man who would be in charge of their school, especially after their last principal turned out to be Black John in disguise. But Melanie and Laurel were probably right – it was this weekend’s spring festival that had everyone keyed up. Their schoolmates were all planning their outfits and debating over who’d be a worthy date. Nobody cared who the new principal was. â€Å"It’s a good sign,† Melanie said. â€Å"A celebration of new beginnings is just what this town needs.† Cassie wanted to be as excited as everyone about the coming spring, but her heart felt heavy in her chest. Her disastrous attempt to talk to her mother the previous night was still weighing on her. Just then Chris and Doug Henderson swept by on Roll erblades, laughing as they tore through the crowded hallway. Their forward momentum blew their disheveled blond hair back from their identical blue-green eyes. They slowed down only to hand out star-shaped flowers to whichever pretty girls they passed. Suzan, carrying a wicker basket full of the flowers, jogged behind them to keep them supplied. â€Å"What the heck was that?† Cassie asked. â€Å"Chionodoxa luciliae,† Laurel said. Melanie gave Laurel a shove. â€Å"In English.† â€Å"Sorry.† Laurel smiled. â€Å"Those blue flowers. They’re called glory-of-the-snow. They’re one of the first signs of spring.† It occurred to Cassie then that even the Henderson twins, who’d lost their sister, Kori, just last fall, were embracing the new season. She could try a little harder to have a more positive outlook. â€Å"I think I’ve seen those flowers,† she said. â€Å"They’re in the rock garden behind the gymnasium.† â€Å"Not anymore they’re not,† Sean said, laughing loudly. He walked toward them with a bouquet of the blue flowers in his skinny outstretched hand and hesitantly offered them to Cassie. â€Å"Thanks, Sean,† Cassie said, but before she could accept the bouquet, Faye stepped in and swiped it from accept the bouquet, Faye stepped in and swiped it from Sean’s hand. She sniffed at the buds and then shoved them back onto Sean’s chest. â€Å"Run along to the assembly and find some other pathetic girl to give those to,† she said. Then she turned to Cassie. â€Å"I need a word with you.† Faye was wearing all black, as she often did, but her outfit today was tighter and more revealing than usual. Cassie gave a nod to Melanie and Laurel. â€Å"It’s okay,† she said. â€Å"Go ahead to the auditorium. I’ll see you there.† She’d promised herself she would show no fear to Faye, no matter what. She couldn’t allow herself to be afraid to be alone with her, especially at school, where it was safe to assume she’d be protected from any abuse Faye could inflict upon her. Faye, of course, wasted no time making her point. â€Å"I know you’re new to this whole leader thing,† she told Cassie. â€Å"But even you should recognize you won’t be able to play fair for long.† â€Å"I don’t know what you’re talking about.† Faye scoffed, like it was beneath her to have to explain herself. â€Å"Don’t play innocent with me, Cassie. It doesn’t work.† Cassie glanced up and down the empty hallway and put her hands on her hips. â€Å"If you actually have something to say to me, Faye, then say it. But if you’re just trying to intimidate me, you’re not succeeding.† â€Å"Liar.† Faye reached out to lightly brush aside the few strands of hair that had fall en in front of Cassie’s eyes, and Cassie jumped back. Faye smiled. â€Å"Here’s what I have to say. Power always Faye smiled. â€Å"Here’s what I have to say. Power always creates enemies. It divides people into two types, good and bad. If you really want to be a leader of this Circle, then you need to pick a side.† Cassie remembered Diana once saying that power was only power – it wasn’t good or bad. Only the way we use it is good or bad, she’d said. But even Diana had changed her opinion about this. â€Å"I’ve already chosen a side,† Cassie said. The star ruby around Faye’s neck glistened. It was the same color as her lipstick. â€Å"No, you haven’t,† she said. â€Å"There’s something in you that proves you’re daddy’s little girl. You can feel it inside you. A darkness. I know you can.† Cassie hugged her books tighter to her chest. â€Å"You don’t know anything.† â€Å"Isn’t it exhausting trying so hard to emulate Diana when really you’re just like me?† â€Å"No. Because I’m nothing like you.† Faye let out a deep, throaty laugh and took a step back. She’d accomplished what she’d intended. Cassie was significantly rattled. â€Å"Better hurry up,† she said. â€Å"You don’t want to be late to the assembly.† She pulled a tube of lipstick from her bag and applied another slash of dark pigment to her lips. â€Å"Want some?† She held the bloodred tube out to Cassie. â€Å"I think it’s your color.† In a flash of anger Cassie thought to swat the lipstick right out of Faye’s hand. But that would be giving her exactly what she wanted. She was trying to push Cassie into giving in to her lowest impulses, to be as brash and reckless as she was. But Cassie wouldn’t do it. She wouldn’t give Faye that satisfaction. Instead, she turned her back on her, and when she did, she caught sight of someone she hadn’t seen before. A boy. Faye noticed him, too. Together, they watched him walk up the hallway. He was tall and muscular with light brown hair, and he must have just finished working out, because he was wearing warm-ups and sneakers. He carried a gym bag in one hand and a lacrosse stick in the other. â€Å"That boy is gorgeous.† Faye capped her lipstick and stuffed it into her purse. â€Å"You know how I love those sweaty jocks.† Cassie rolled her eyes. Faye immediately approached the boy to stake her claim. â€Å"Are you lost?† she called out to him. â€Å"I can help you find your way.† His head shot up when he realized he was being spoken to. Cassie saw that his eyes were green like emeralds, as beautiful as Diana’s. â€Å"No, thank you,† he said, in a voice both rugged and cocky. â€Å"I know where I’m heading.† â€Å"To that boring assembly?† Faye wasn’t about to give up that easy. â€Å"In that case, I can help you lose your way.† That got a smile out of him, but he directed it at Cassie. â€Å"Hi,† he said. â€Å"I’m Max.† â€Å"This is Faye,† Cassie said, returning Max’s grin. â€Å"She’s glad to meet you.† Max dropped his gym bag onto the floor and shook Faye’s hand in a way that made it obvious he was used to girls fawning over him. â€Å"Cassie,† Faye said, still holding Max’s thick hand in hers. â€Å"Won’t Adam be waiting for you at the assembly? You should probably get going.† Cassie nodded. â€Å"She’s right. I should.† As Cassie turned away, she heard Max call after her, â€Å"See you in there.† Cassie made it into the auditorium just in time for the welcoming ceremony. She was relieved to find Adam waving her over to where he was seated in the last row. The auditorium was more crowded than she had ever seen it. Groups of students were crammed in the back and up each exit row. The humming excitement Cassie picked up on in the hallway had carried over here, where it heightened like rough water constrained by a dam. But once Mr. Humphries tapped on the microphone to quiet the crowd and make some announcements, that restless energy died down to a low-level boredom. Assemblies were always fun until the assembly part. Cassie let her eyes roam over the crowd. She found Diana all the way up front, seated with her AP English class. Melanie and Laurel had joined Suzan, Sean, and the Henderson brothers in the center rows about midway from the stage. And Deborah and Nick were just a few rows behind them. Cassie noticed that none of them looked concerned. They appeared as bored and apathetic as the rest of the school. Was she the only one still reeling from the last assembly they had to welcome a principal? Were they all just faking it, trying to put their best faces forward? Or was everyone really that much better at moving on than Cassie? Sally Waltman and Portia Bainbridge were sitting in their cluster of cheerleaders. Sally’s rust-colored hair stood out from the rest of her mostly blonde friends, so she was easy to spot in their crowd. She was laughing at something Portia was saying, probably making fun of someone, like she always did. The Circle had come to an uneasy truce with Portia and her brothers, but Cassie still didn’t like her. â€Å"You okay?† Adam asked when Cassie settled into her seat. â€Å"You’ve got that I-just-had-a-Faye-encounter look.† â€Å"I’m fine. Faye was getting up in my face, but then a hot boy walked by, and she forgot all about me.† â€Å"That’s our Faye.† Adam took Cassie’s hand in his and squeezed it. â€Å"Who was the boy?† â€Å"I don’t know, someone new. His name was Max.† Cassie searched the auditorium for Faye and found her standing in the corner talking to Max – talking at him was more like it. He leaned with both hands on his lacrosse stick, like he might fall over from boredom if it weren’t holding him up. Cassie shifted her attention to the man she assumed was the new principal waiting off to the side. He wore a finely cut dark suit and had salt-and-pepper hair. He was tall, with broad shoulders, and kept his hands clasped behind his back. He was handsome, the way Mr. Brunswick had been handsome. Weak applause welcomed him to the stage. â€Å"Thank you,† he said, as he adjusted the microphone. â€Å"I’m Mr. Boylan, and it’s a pleasure to make your acquaintance.† His voice was deeper than Cassie had expected it to be. His outer appearance was dapper and elegant, but he had the voice of a lumberjack – it had a toughness to it, a grit, and the slightest hint of an accent she couldn’t place. A shiver ran down her spine. No, Cassie thought to herself. You’re being paranoid. Just because Mr. Brunswick turned out to be evil doesn’t mean Mr. Boylan will. She figured she must have been suffering from some kind of post-traumatic stress, the way soldiers returned from wars startled at every harmless loud sound they heard. But as Mr. Boylan continued speaking, every muscle in Cassie’s body tightened in defense. She glanced at Adam to see if he sensed anything off about the principal, too, but he was calmly watching the stage with no expression of alarm. â€Å"Thank you all for your gracious welcome,† Mr. Boylan said. â€Å"I hope you’ll do the same for my son, who will also be a student here.† He pointed to the far corner, where Max was still leaning on his lacrosse stick, staring straight ahead. Adam and Cassie looked at each other simultaneously. Neither of them had to say it. Of course. Faye’s new crush was the principal’s son. Faye was smirking behind him, watching the back of his head as if she could burn a hole through it with her desire. When she caught Cassie watching, she puckered her lips into a kiss and blew it Cassie’s way. Then she stuck out her tongue, pretending she might lick the back of Max’s neck. â€Å"This can’t be good,† Cassie said. How to cite The Secret Circle: The Divide Chapter 3, Essay examples

Sample Introduction Paragraph On Renaissance Art Essay Example For Students

Sample Introduction Paragraph On Renaissance Art Essay Renaissance Art The Renaissance is studded by the names of the artists and architects, with their creations recorded as great historical events (Arthur, 2008). The Renaissance was an epoch of great art and literature, and was a period of time when people shifted away from the ideas and traditions of the Middle Ages. Many of the most prominent educators, artists and architects were from this period. Artworks dating from the 1 5th century to the 16th century, during the Renaissance era, express ideas of individualism, imitations of classical antiquity and the understanding of proportions and realism. Michelangelo David, the self-portrait of Raphael, and Leonardo dad Vines Mona Lisa depicts the idea of individualism. Unlike the paintings during the Middle Ages that mostly contained religious themes that glorified God, the works of these artists focused on the potential of man, and each of them had their own unique style that showed their different talents and capabilities. Art in the Renaissance brought out the individual (Scotsman, 2008). Michelangelo sculpture, David (1501-1504) shows he idea of an ideal Renaissance male. The sculpture is shaped into a physically perfect man who stands in a confident manner. This symbolizes that mans capacity for personal development is unlimited; knowledge and a broad range of abilities are within every mans reach (How To Be, 2008). A self-portrait of Raphael (1504-1506) also shows how individualism was valued during the Renaissance. Repeals self- portrait of himself portrays the idea of self-glorification (Scotsman, 2008). Leonardo used many of his own novel techniques and ideas to paint Mona Lisa. The way the objects eyes were painted, the way the subjects mouth curved into a subtle smile, and the landscape behind the subject that appears to be a fictional place gave the painting its uniqueness (The Mona Lisa, 2009). Many of the artists during the Renaissance focused on individuality and on painting in their own unique styles to portray the potential of human beings. Imitation of classical antiquity can be seen in renowned artworks such as Leonardo dad Vines Vitiation Man (1490), and Repeals The School of Athens (1509-1510). Both of artists studied the findings and observations of the Romans and Greeks, and used them as a reference to create their own works of art. The Vitiation Man was sketched by Leonardo dad Vinci in honor of the Roman architect Vitreous. Dad Vinci used Vitreouss ideas of perception and proportion to create the sketch (Vitiation Man, 2012). He read the ancient Roman texts and combined it with his actual observations of the human body. Repeals The School of Athens is a painting that exhibited many well-educated Greek scholars and educators. Plato and Aristotle are painted right in the center of the painting with Socrates on top of the staircases The School of Athens, 2012). Many artists during the Renaissance looked back into the works of their ancestors, combined the ideas of the past and present to create The proportions and realistic features that can be seen in Michelangelo The Creation of Adam (1 51 1), and Leonardo dad Vines Vitiation Man (1490), is one of the factors that define Renaissance artwork. Both Michelangelo and Dad Vinci studied the human anatomy to produce more realistic artworks. In The Creation of Adam, God is resting on the outline of the human brain (Hall, 2013). All the figures in the painting ad depth and perspective. Leonardo sketch of the Vitiation Man was carefully proportioned. The length of the outspread arms were equal to the figures height and the length of hand is one-tenth of the height. The sketch also shows the symmetry of the human body. The artists during the Renaissance focused greatly on realism, painting all their artworks with great detail of every part of the human body. The Renaissance was a period of time when artworks shifted away from only focusing on religion to representing individualism, classical antiquity, and irrespective and realism.